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- $Unique_ID{BRK03594}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cholecystitis}
- $Subject{Cholecystitis Gall Bladder Disease Gallstone
- Cholecystitis Acalculous Cholecystitis Hiatal Hernia Pancreatitis
- Gastroenteritis Angina Pectoris Pyelonephritis Acute Appendicitis Alcoholic
- Hepatitis Gastric Ulcer}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 701:
- Cholecystitis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cholecystitis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Gall Bladder Disease
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
-
- Gallstone Cholecystitis
- Acalculous Cholecystitis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Hiatal Hernia
- Pancreatitis
- Gastroenteritis
- Angina Pectoris
- Pyelonephritis
- Acute Appendicitis
- Alcoholic Hepatitis
- Gastric Ulcer
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. It is usually
- caused by gallstones. This can be an acute or chronic condition.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Cholecystitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. It
- is characterized by abdominal pain which can be chronic or severe, chills,
- nausea and vomiting, indigestion, heartburn, gassiness, fever, and referred
- pain in the chest, shoulder and back. There may also be some discomfort and
- pain after eating (especially at night), an intolerance to fatty foods and a
- yellow discoloration of the skin (jaundice). In severe cases there may be a
- bacterial infection and eventual perforation of the gallbladder.
-
- Acalulous Cholecystitis is a rare form of Cholecystitis. It is usually
- associated with long-term fasting, previous surgeries, injuries, severe
- burns, or immobility in disabled people. Gallstones are not present in
- Acalulous Cholecystitis.
-
- Since the symptoms of Cholecystitis are similar to many other diseases,
- it is important to have a complete history and physical exam before a clear
- diagnosis of Cholecystitis can be made. In some cases, specific diagnostic
- tests such as ultrasonography, cholescintigraphy, tomography or oral
- cholecystography may be necessary.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Cholecystitis is unknown. It usually results from the
- formation of gallstones that can block the gallbladder's, cystic duct or the
- common bile duct. These gallstones are usually composed of cholesterol.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cholecystitis is a common disorder. It is more prevalent in females than
- males. High blood cholesterol, advancing age and being overweight increases
- the chance of developing gallbladder disease.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Cholecystitis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Angina Pectoris is a disorder that causes pain in the heart muscle. It
- is characterized by a tight feeling in the chest, shoulders, jaw, one or both
- arms spreading down to the hands and occasionally the upper abdomen.
-
- Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas associated with a buildup
- of digestive enzymes. The pancreas produces these enzymes to help break down
- carbohydrates and proteins during digestion. It is characterized by nausea
- and vomiting, fever, chills, severe abdominal pain and distention.
- Pancreatitis can be caused by alcoholism, trauma, duodenal ulcer or
- gallstones.
-
- Gastroenteritis is usually due to a bacterial or viral infection that
- causes an inflammation of the intestinal tract and stomach. It is
- characterized by abdominal cramps and sometimes dehydration caused by a loss
- of fluid due to vomiting and diarrhea.
-
- Hiatal Hernia is due to a weakening of the muscle wall (diaphragm) that
- divides the abdominal and chest cavity. This weakening causes the stomach to
- bulge into the chest cavity. It is characterized by heartburn, belching and
- a tightness or pain in the chest that may radiate to the neck, back, upper
- chest and arm.
-
- Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys and pelvis. It is
- characterized by a sudden onset of fever and chills associated with back and
- kidney (flank) pain, frequent and painful urination, nausea and vomiting.
-
- Acute Appendicitis is a serious inflammation of the appendix. It is
- characterized by severe abdominal pain and tenderness localizing in the right
- lower abdomen, fever, chills, nausea and vomiting.
-
- Alcoholic Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a long
- history of drinking. It is characterized by abdominal swelling, an enlarged
- liver and spleen, loss of weight, fever, dehydration, nausea with or without
- vomiting, and a yellow discoloration of the skin (jaundice).
-
- Gastric Ulcer is the erosion of a part of the stomach lining. It is
- characterized by severe abdominal pain and nausea.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- The treatment of Cholecystitis depends on the cause of the inflammation.
- When the inflammation occurs without gallstones, bed rest, weight loss and a
- fat free diet may be helpful in relieving the symptoms. If there are
- gallstones, then early surgical removal of the diseased gallbladder
- (cholecystectomy) may be necessary. Patients with this disease who are a
- high surgical risk treated have been treated successfully with the gallstone
- dissolving drugs chenodiol and monooctanoin. Other treatment is symptomatic
- and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- At the present time studies are being conducted on the use of the gallstone
- dissolution drug ursodeoxycholic acid, and extracorporeal ultrasound shock
- waves (lithotripsy) as possible treatments for Cholecystitis. More research
- will be needed to assure the long-term effectiveness and safety of these
- treatments.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cholecystitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-2162
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 256.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 2, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories., 1982. Pp. 569.
-
- HOW TO IMAGE THE GALLBLADDER IN SUSPECTED CHOLECYSTITIS. K. Martin et
- al.; ANN INTERN MED, (November 1; issue 109 (9)). Pp. 722-729.
-
- ACUTE ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY. T. Bauer et
- al.; J UROL (January 1988; issue 139 (1)). Pp. 128-129.
-
- USE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY RISK SCORE IN THE TIMING OF OPERATIVE INTERVENTION
- FOR ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS. K. Miyazaki et al.; ARCH SURG, (April 1988; issue
- 123 (4)). Pp. 487-489.
-
- CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS. E. Taylor et al.; PRIM CARE, (March
- 1988; issue 15 (1)). Pp. 147-156.
-
-